A brand new examine from Karolinska Institutet in Sweden reveals how sure RNA molecules management the restore of broken DNA in most cancers cells, a discovery that might finally give rise to raised most cancers therapies. The examine is revealed at present within the journal Nature Communications.
It was lengthy assumed that RNA molecules – primary molecules that exist in all dwelling organisms – solely participated in protein synthesis. New analysis demonstrates, nevertheless, that RNA molecules have a wider perform and might play a key position within the growth of illness.
One such illness in most cancers, the place injury to our cells’ DNA generally is a contributing issue. DNA injury happens and is repaired constantly, however in some circumstances it will possibly result in carcinogenic mutations within the genome. A basic understanding of how our cells restore DNA is subsequently key to the design of recent therapies.
On this present examine, the researchers examined how sure RNA molecules affected the flexibility of the most cancers cells to restore radiation-damaged or damaged DNA strings. They found that two molecule sorts – small Cajal body-specific RNA 2 (scaRNA2) and WRAP53 – interacted to manage the enzyme DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which in flip affected the DNA-repair mechanisms.
Works like an “on-off” button
“Our findings present that some RNA can bind to an enzyme that repairs broken DNA and function like an ‘on-off’ button for this enzyme, thereby controlling DNA restore,” says the examine’s corresponding creator Marianne Farnebo, researcher on the Division of Cell and Molecular Biology and the Division of Biosciences and Diet at Karolinska Institutet. “We’ve additionally found that altered ranges of such RNA results in defective DNA restore in most cancers cells.”
The researchers hope that the outcomes can improve understanding of the half performed by RNA in DNA restore and most cancers.
“This could open up new approaches to the therapy of most cancers, reminiscent of utilizing artificial RNA molecules to stimulate cell demise in most cancers cells,” Marianne Farnebo says.
The examine was supported with grants from the Swedish Most cancers Society, the Swedish Analysis Council, the Centre for Progressive Medication, the Most cancers Analysis Funds of Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Institutet, the strategic analysis program Most cancers KI and the Wenner-Gren Foundations.
Publication: “Small Cajal body-associated RNA 2 (scaRNA2) regulates DNA restore pathway selection by inhibiting DNA-PK” by Sofie Bergstrand, Eleanor M. O’Brien, Christos Coucoravas, Dominika Hrossova, Dimitra Peirasmaki, Sandro Schmidli, Soniya Dhanjal, Chiara Pederiva, Lee Siggens, Oliver Mortusewicz, Julienne J. O’Rourke and Marianne Farnebo, 23 February 2022, Nature Communications.
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28646-5
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